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[Carbon Steel: A307, B7 & B7M,B16,L7 & L7M, B8 & B8M] [Carbon and Alloy Steel for Nuts] [Stainless Steel] [Exotic Metals: Inconel,Hastelloy,Incoloy,Monel, RA330, Carpenter 20,Nimonic,Nitronic,MP35N] [Periodic Table]
CARBON STEEL
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Special low carbon bolt material used in piping and flange work; has properties similar to other low carbon steel bolts except that it has the added requirement of a specified maximum tensile strength. [Reason: to ensure that the bolt will fracture, before breaking a cast iron flange on a pump or valve, if the bolt is inadvertently over-tightened.]
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Heat-treated chromium-molybdenum steel widely used for medium high temperature service. (Liquid quench -50° to 900°F, Air quench -40° to 900°F.) A193 similar to B7 studs except that the minimum yield and tensile strength requirements are reduced and hardness controlled to 235 Brinnell maximum; designed for use in corrosive environments (-50° to 900°F).
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· Grade B7M
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Similar to B7 studs except that the minimum yield and tensile strength requirements are reduced and the hardness controlled to 235 Brinnell maximum; designed for use in corrosive environments (-50° to 900°F).
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Heat-treaded chromium-molybdenum, vanadium steel for high pressure, high temperature service. (-50° to 1100°F.)
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Intended for low temperature service down to minus 150° and has a minimum Charpy impact value of 20 ft lb at this temperature (-150° to 1100°F).
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· Grade L7M, ASTM A320
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Similar to L7 studs except that the minimum yield and tensile strength requirements are reduced and the hardness controlled to 235 Brinnell maximum. This stud is designed for use in low temperature corrosive environments (-150° to 1100° F).
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Chromium-Nickel (AISI 304) austenitic steel studs are used in corrosive environments (-325° to 1500°F).
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· Grade B8M, ASTM A193
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Chromium-Nickel Molybdenum (AISI 316) austenitic steel studs are used in corrosive environments (-325° to 1500°F).
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CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL FOR NUTS
· Grade 2H, ASTM A194
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Suitable for use in high temperatures and high-pressure conditions.
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· Grade 2HM, ASTM A194
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Similar to 2H nuts except this grade is designed for use in corrosive environments.
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· Garde 4, ASTM A194
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Heat-treated molybdenum steel nuts suitable for severe temperature and pressure conditions.
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· Grade L7, ASTM A194
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Heat-treated chrome-molybdenum steel nuts suitable for extreme temperature and pressure conditions. Suitable for sub-zero service conditions and have minimum Charpy impact values of ASTM spec. A320. Grade 7 down to -150°F.
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· Grade L7M, ASTM A194
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Similar to grade L7 nuts except this grade is designed for use in corrosive environments.
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· Grade 8/8M, ASTM A194
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Stainless steel nuts designed for use in corrosive environments.
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STAINLESS STEEL & EXOTIC METALS
Stainless steels achieve “stainless” characteristics by virtue of their ability to form a tight adherent film of iron-chromium oxide which strongly resists attack by the atmosphere and a wide variety of industrial gases and chemicals. This effect, plus the superior high temperature strength characteristics exhibited by many of these alloys, accounts for their wide use at ordinary and elevated temperatures with a wide choice of mechanical properties and several distinct levels of corrosion resistance.
These materials are subdivided into the following groups:
Martensitic stainless steels are iron-chromium alloys which are harden able by heat treatment; representative types are 410, 420, 431 and 440C.
Ferritic stainless steels are iron-chromium alloys which cannot be hardened significantly by heat treatment; representative types are 405 and 430.
Austenitic stainless steels are iron-chromium-nickel and iron-chromium-manganese-nickel alloys, which are harden able by cold working; representative types are 201, 304, and 316.
Precipitation hardening stainless steels are iron-chromium-nickel alloys with additional elements which are hardened able by solution treating and aging.
[Note: Martensitic and Ferritic steels are magnetic in all conditions; Austenitic steels are slightly magnetic in the cold worked condition, but non-magnetic in the annealed condition in which they are most often used.]
· 18-8 Stainless
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The most popular type of stainless used in the production of fasteners. Its composition is approximately 18% Chromium and 8% Nickel, thus the name 18?8. Several grades of stainless are included in this classification including 302, 303, 304 and 305. These all have good strength and corrosion resistance.
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316 Stainless
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More corrosion resistant than 18-8, but also more expensive. It is composed of approximately 18% Chromium and 12% Nickel with the addition of 2% to 4% Molybdenum. It also maintains its strength at higher temperatures than 18-8.
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· 410 Stainless
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Has approximately 12% Chromium with no Nickel; not very corrosion resistant and is magnetic, but it can be heat treated to become harder.
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· Brass
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Brass is approximately 65% Copper and 35% Zinc; offers a good combination of strength, corrosion resistance and workability.
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· Alloy 20
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Has approximately 20% Chromium and 34% Nickel plus 3% to 4% Molybdenum; very corrosion resistant and is especially popular when in contact with sulfuric acid.
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· Nickel Copper 400
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Is approximately 70% Nickel and 30% Copper; has excellent strength and corrosion resistance and is used in salt water marine and other chemical
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· Titanium
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Very high strength to weight ratio, as well as good corrosion resistance.
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· Silicon Bronze
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Composed of approximately 96% Copper, 3% Silicon, and 1% Manganese; more corrosion resistant and tougher than brass; widely used in the electrical industry.
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Specification:
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 80 ksi Y = 30 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Ni 72 min., Cr 14 - 17, Fe 6.0 - 10.0
Composed of approximately 77% Nickel and 15% Chromium; offers superior strength and good corrosion at high temperatures.
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and resistance to corrosion by high purity water and caustic corrosion.
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· Inconel® 625: N06625
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Specification:
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 120 ksi Y = 60 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Cr 20 - 23, Fe 5.0 max., Mo 8.0 - 10.0, Ni 58 min., Ni 3.15 - 4.15
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Corrosion Resistance:
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The alloy is especially resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion making Inconel® 625 a good choice for chemical processing and pollution control equipment.
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· Inconel® 718:N07718
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Specification:
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ASTM B637, B670
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 180 ksi Y = 150 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Ni 54, Fe 18.5, Cr 18, Nb 5.1, Mo 3.0
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Corrosion Resistance:
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A precipitation-harden alloy. It combines corrosion resistance and high strength. Good creep-rupture strength up to 1300f.
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· Inconel® X750:N07750
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Specification:
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ASTM B637
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 181 ksi Y = 123 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Ni + C 70min, Cr 14 - 17, Fe 5 - 9, Ti 2.25 - 2.75, Al .40 - 1.0, Nb + Ta .70 - 1.2
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Inconel X750 is a Nickel-Chromium alloy made precipitation hardenable by additions of Aluminum and Titanium, having creep-rupture strength at high temperatures to about 700°C (1290°F). Good corrosion and oxidation resistance.
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Specification:
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ASTM B164
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 75 ksi Y = 25 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Cu 28 - 34, Fe 2.5 max., Mn 2.0 max., Ni 63 min.
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Corrosion Resistance:
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High strength and high toughness over a wide temperature range. Excellent resistance to many corrosive environments including hydrochloric.
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· Monel® (NiCu) 405:N04405
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Specification:
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ASTM B164
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 79.8 ksi Y = 34.8 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .30, Cu 28 - 34, Fe 2.5, Mn 2.0, Ni 63.0, Si .50, S .025 - .06
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Corrosion Resistance:
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The free-machining version of Monel alloy 400. A controlled amount of sulfur is added to the alloy to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Other characteristics are essentially the same as those of Monel alloy 400.
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· Monel® (NiCuAl) K-500:N05500
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QQ-N-286
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 160 ksi Y = 115 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .25, Ni + Co 63min, Ti .35 - .85, Cu 27 - 33, Fe 2.0, Si .50, Mn 1.5, S .01, Al 2.3 - 3.15
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Monel Nickel-Copper alloy K-500 combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. Increased properties are obtained by adding Aluminum and Titanium to the Nickel-Copper base, and by heating under controlled conditions. The thermal processing used to effect precipitation is commonly called age hardening or aging.
The corrosion resistance of Monel alloy K-500 is similar to alloy 400 except in the age-hardened condition, alloy K-500 has a greater tenancy toward stress-corrosion cracking in some environments.
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Specification:
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ASTM B511
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 80 ksi Y = 35 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Ni 35, Cr .18.5, Fe balance
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Good strength at high temperatures and excellent resistance to carburizing and oxidizing atmospheres. The alloys austenitic microstructure remains stable during long-time exposure to high temperature.
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Specification:
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ASTM B163, B407-B409
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 87 ksi Y = 39.9 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Al 0.15 - 0.60, C <= 0.10, Cr 19 - 23, Cu 0.75, Fe >= 39.5, Mn <= 1.50, Ni 30 - 35, Si <= 1.0, S <= 0.15, Ti 0.15 - 0.60
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Corrosion Resistance:
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A nickel-iron-chromium alloy with good strength and excellent resistance to oxidation and carburization in high-temperature atmospheres. Incoloy® 800 also resists corrosion by many aqueous environments.
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· Incoloy® 800H
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ASTM B408, B409
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 77 ksi Y = 29 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .08, Cr 21, Cu .30, Fe 39.5, Mn 1.0, Ni 32, Si .35, S .01, Ti .4, P .02
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Incoloy 800H is a Nickel-Iron-Chromium alloy, combining high strength with excellent resistance to oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures. In the solution annealed condition, it has superior creep and stress rupture properties.
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· Incoloy® 800HT
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Specification:
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ASTM B408, B409
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 81.2 ksi Y = 36.3 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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Al .15 - .60, C .06 - .10, Cr 19 - 23, Cu <= .75, Fe >= 39.5, Mn <= 1.5, Ni 30 - 35, Si <= 1.0, S <= .015, Ti .15 - .60
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Corrosion Resistance:
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A Nickel-Iron-Chromium alloy having the same basic composition as Incoloy alloy 800 but with significantly higher creep-rupture strength. The higher strength results from close control of the carbon, aluminum, and titanium contents in conjunction with a high-temperature anneal. Used in chemical and petrochemical processing, in power plants for super-heater and reheater tubing, in industrial furnaces, and for heat-treating equipment.
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· Incoloy® 825
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Specification:
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ASME SB-425, ASTM B-425
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 85.6 ksi Y = 31.9 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .05 max., Mn 1.0max, S .03max, Si .50max,Cr 19.5 - 23.5,Ni 38 - 46, Mo 2.5 - 3.5, Cu 1.5 - 3.0, Ti .60 - 1.2, Al .20max, Fe 22 min.
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Incoloy 825 is a Nickel-Iron-Chromium alloy with Titanium, Copper, and Molybdenum. Incoloy 825’s chemical composition provides great resistance to many corrosive environments, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking. Incoloy 825 has good mechanical properties from moderately to high temperatures. The material has good weldability by all conventional processes.
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Specification:
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ASME SB-335, SB-366
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 138.5 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .05, Cr 1.0, Co 2.5 max., Fe 4.0 - 6.0, Mn 1.0 max., Mo 26 - 30, Ni RB, Si 1.0, S .03 max., P .04 max., V .20 - .40
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Corrosion Resistance:
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Excellent resistance to HCL, also withstands hydrogen chloride, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids, excellent resistance to pitting, to stress corrosion cracking.
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· Hastelloy® C-22
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ASTM B581
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Approximate Room Temp. Mechanicals:
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T = 111 ksi Y = 52 ksi
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Typical % Compositions Summary:
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C .01 max., Cr 22, Co 2.50 max., Fe 3.0, Mn 0.5 max., Mo 13, Ni 56, Si .08 max., W 3.0, V 0.35 max.
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Corrosion Resistance:
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A most versatile Ni-Cr-M0-W alloy available with improved resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion as well as variety of mixed industrial chemicals.
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NITRONIC 50 Stainless Steel provides a combination of corrosion resistance and strength not found in any other commercial material available in its price range. This austenitic stainless has corrosion resistance greater than that provided by Types 316 and 316L, plus approximately twice the yield strength at room temperature. In addition, Armco NITRONIC 50 Stainless has very good mechanical properties at both elevated and sub-zero temperatures. And, unlike many austenitic stainless steels, NITRONIC 50 does not become magnetic when cold worked.
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MP35N is an excellent combination of strength and corrosion resistance. Typically used in the cold-worked condition, tensile strengths are typically comparable to 304. End uses in the medical field are: pacing leads, stylets, catheters and orthopedic cables.
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Monel®, Inconel®, Inconel 718® and Incoloy®: are registered trademarks of Inco Alloys International. Hastelloy® is a registered trademark of Haynes International. Nimonic® is a registered trademark of Crucible Specialty Metals. Nitronic® is a registered trade mark of Armco, Inc. MP35N® is a registered trademark of SPS Technologies. Carpenter 20® is a registered trade mark of Carpenter Technologies
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Actinium - Ac
Aluminum - Al
Americium - Am
Antimony - Sb
Argon - Ar
Arsenic - As
Astatine - At
Barium - Ba
Berkelium - Bk
Beryllium - Be
Bismuth - Bi
Boron - B
Bromine - Br
Cadmium - Cd
Caesium - Cs
Calcium – Ca
Californium - Cf
Carbon - C
Cerium - Ce
Chlorine - Cl Chromium - Cr
Cobalt - Co
Copper - Cu
Curium - Cm
Dysprosium - Dy
Einsteinium - Es
Erbium - Er
Europium - Eu
Fermium - Fm
Fluorine - F
Francium - Fr
Gadolinium – Gd
Gallium - Ga
Germanium - Ge
Gold - Au
Hafnium - Hf
Helium - He
Holmium - Ho
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Hydrogen - H
Indium - In
Iodine - I
Iridium - Ir
Iron - Fe
Krypton - Kr
Lanthanum - La
Lawrencium - Lr
Lead - Pb
Lithium – Li
Lutetium - Lu
Magnesium - Mg
Manganese - Mn
Meitnerium - Mt
Mendelevium - Md
Mercury - Hg
Molybdenum - Mo
Neodymium - Nd
Neon - Ne
Neptunium - Np
Nickel - Ni
Niobium - Nb
Nitrogen - N
Nobelium - No
Osmium - Os
Oxygen - O
Palladium - Pd
Phosphorus - P
Platinum - Pt
Plutonium - Pu
Polonium – Po
Potassium - K
Praseodymium - Pr
Promethium - Pm
Protactinium - Pa
Radium - Ra
Radon - Rn
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Rhenium - Re
Rhodium - Rh
Rubidium - Rb
Ruthenium – Ru
Samarium - Sm
Scandium - Sc
Selenium - Se
Silicon - Si
Silver - Ag
Sodium - Na
Strontium - Sr
Sulphur - S
Tantalum - Ta
Technetium - Tc
Tellurium - Te
Terbium - Tb
Thallium - Tl
Thorium - Th
Thulium – Tm
Tin - Sn
Titanium - Ti
Tungsten - W
Unnilhexium- Unh
Unniloctium - Uno
Unnilpentium - Unp
Unnilquadium - Unq
Unnilseptium - Uns
Uranium - U
Vanadium - V
Xenon - Xe
Ytterbium - Yb
Yttrium - Y
Zinc - Zn
Zirconium - Zr
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FAQ 
